Who Is at Risk for Macular Holes?

Submitted by Michael J. Elman, M.D. on February 26, 2025
Macular Holes Rosedale, Glen Burnie, Pikesville & Catonsville, MD

A macular hole is a small break in the macula, located in the center of the eye’s light-sensitive tissue called the retina. The macula is responsible for producing sharp, detailed images at the center of your field of vision. Understanding who is at risk for developing a macular hole can help in early diagnosis and treatment, which is vital for preserving vision. At Elman Retina, our ophthalmologists specialize in diagnosing and treating macular holes, providing our patients with the best possible outcomes.

What Is a Macular Hole?

A macular hole is essentially a small gap that opens in the macula. This condition can lead to blurred and distorted central vision. In severe cases, it can cause a significant loss of central vision. Macular holes are different from macular degeneration because the holes affect only the very center of the retina. However, that can still have a profound impact on your quality of life.

Key Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing a macular hole:

  • Age: The primary risk factor for a macular hole is age. Most cases occur in people over the age of 60, as the vitreous (the gel-like substance inside the eye) begins to shrink and pull away from the retina, sometimes tearing it in the process.
  • Gender: Women are more likely to develop macular holes than men. Hormonal changes, particularly post-menopause, may influence the vitreous and contribute to this increased risk.
  • Eye Conditions: Certain eye conditions can increase the risk of a macular hole. For example, high levels of myopia (nearsightedness), macular pucker (scar tissue on the macula), and detached retina are all associated with higher risks.
  • Previous Eye Surgery: Patients who have undergone certain types of eye surgeries, including cataract operations, are at an increased risk. Surgical interventions can lead to changes in the vitreous and retina that might contribute to the formation of a macular hole.
  • Trauma: Any form of trauma to the eye, such as a blunt force or injury that impacts the eye, can lead to the development of a macular hole.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing a macular hole involves a thorough examination of the eye, including the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to get a detailed image of the retina and identify any gaps or tears. Treatment typically involves a surgical procedure known as vitrectomy, which removes the vitreous gel and replaces it with a bubble of air or gas to push against the macula and close the hole.

At Elman Retina, our doctors are equipped with the latest technology and expertise to provide effective treatment for macular holes. Early detection is key to preventing more severe vision loss.

Meet with a Retinal Specialist

Understanding who is at risk for macular holes is critical in seeking timely medical advice and treatment. If you are experiencing any changes in your central vision or fall into the high-risk categories, it’s important to seek a comprehensive eye examination. At Elman Retina, we are here to help diagnose and treat macular holes, supporting your vision health every step of the way. Call our offices in Rosedale, Pikesville, Glen Burnie, and Catonsville, MD at 410-686-3000 today.